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Dryocopus pileatus is best recognized by its large, dull black body and red crest. Southern Oregon University Facebook. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pileated_Woodpecker/sounds The wing chord measures 21.4 to 25.3 cm (8.4 to 10.0 in), the tail measures 14.0 to 17.4 cm (5.5 to 6.9 in), the bill is 4.1 to 6.0 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) and the tarsus measures 3.1 to 3.8 cm (1.2 to 1.5 in). However, the adult females forehead has a brownish color while the forehead of the male is bright scarlet. Both sexes hammer out the site, and can often be observed tossing beakfuls of wood chips from the nest hole as they dig. Known predators include the northern goshawk, Coopers hawk, red-tailed hawk, great horned owl, American martin, and gray fox. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. New York. Encyclopedia of Life; Dryocopus pileatus pileated woodpecker. The pileated woodpecker also nests in boxes about 4.6 m (15 ft) off the ground. Known predators include the northern goshawk, Cooper's hawk, red-tailed hawk, great horned owl, American martin, and gray fox. The sound is often audible as a heavy thunk, and large chips of wood collect on the ground below. The woodpeckers forage in forests containing large trees and snags that support abundant insect prey associated with dead and dying wood. Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) are unique among North American woodpeck-ers because they are the only extant species that excavates large (>45 cm deep) cavities for nest and roost sites (Conner 1974, Bull and Jackson 1995). E. Larsen, J. M. Azerrad, N. Nordstrom, editors. WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more. AZ Animals is a growing team of animals experts, researchers, farmers, conservationists, writers, editors, and -- of course -- pet owners who have come together to help you better understand the animal kingdom and how we interact. Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) - 10,000 Things of the Pacific Studies within the Pacific Northwest indicate that home range size may vary from 1000 acres to over 2000 acres. Landscape and local effects on snags and and cavity-nesting birds in an urbanizing area. Its important to maintain these elements both for the insect food they provide and for the many species of birds and mammals that use tree cavities. Drumming usually occurs atop a dead tree that resonates sound; most frequent in the morining, but can occur through the day and increases in frequency during early spring as courtship activities begin. Ashland, OR 97520 Scientific name - Dryocopus pileatus Lifespan - 12 years (maximum recorded) Size - 44,5 cm (17,5 in) Weight - 11 oz (300 g) Wingspan - 28 in (70.5 cm) The Pileated Woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus) is a resident in the state and one of the largest woodpecker species in North America. Other names for the pileated woodpecker include carpenter bird, wood hen, Indian hen, laughing woodpecker, and cock of the woods. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! Have some feedback for us? Accessed Shark Trivia Are They Really The Monsters Of The Deep, Or Are There More To Them? It turns out that the popular mid-20th century cartoon character Woody Woodpecker was actually inspired by a persistent Acorn Woodpecker that staged a cameo during animator Walter Lantz's honeymoon, calling and drumming at the couple's cabin. Look (and listen) for Pileated Woodpeckers whacking at dead trees and fallen logs in search of their main prey, carpenter ants, leaving unique rectangular holes in the wood. The eggs are attended 99% of the time. The Pileated Woodpecker is resident across its range. The Cornell Lab will send you updates about birds, birding, and opportunities to help bird conservation. Why is the bird is named pileated? There's a simple reason behind that: It derives from the Latin pileatus, meaning "capped." Nestlings typically leave the nest after 26 to 28 days but remain with their parents for two to three more months. Awkward on small branches and vines when reaching for fruit. Genus: Dryocopus Species Dryocopus pileatus Common name Pileated woodpecker Lifespan, ageing, and relevant traits Maximum longevity 13 years (wild) Source ref. Its excavations also knock a vast amount of wood out of trees, speeding decomposition and nutrient cycling. A Pileated Woodpecker pair stays together on its territory all year round. Academy of National Science and American Ornithologists Union, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Get the latest conservation news, meet new species, and learn how you can help protect birds throughout the Americas. It is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. It resembles the closely related pileated woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus) of United States and Canada . In flight, large, white underwing patches show. Population Increasing: Their populations declined during the 19th and early 20th centuries due to logging activity, but efforts to restore woodland areas and the birds general adaptability have caused their numbers to increase steadily. The pileated woodpecker is a significant component of a forest environment. Dryocopus pileatus abieticola (Pileated Woodpecker - Avibase Pileated woodpeckers have large home ranges within which they meet their life requisites. 1995. Drumming is most common during courtship and to proclaim a territory. Oklahoma. They also use drumming to attract mates. Because of its size and chisel-shaped bill, this woodpecker is particularly adept at excavating, and it uses this ability to construct nests and roost cavities and to find food. Free-flying adults have fewer predators, but can be taken in some numbers by Cooper's hawks, northern goshawks, red-shouldered hawks, red-tailed hawks, great horned owls, bald eagles, golden eagles and barred owls.[19]. Mated pairs live on and defend large territories year-round. 2001. Description: Pileated Woodpecker is our largest woodpecker species. Pileated Woodpeckers occur at all heights in the forest, and are often seen foraging on logs and near the bases of trees. When abandoned, these holesmade similarly by all woodpeckersprovide good homes in future years for many forest songbirds and a wide variety of other animals. Although it remains widespread and fairly common, this bird faces the same threats as less-adaptable species, particularly predation by cats and collisions with glass. Just one glance at this bird's bright crest explains the name. ____, and ____. Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington. Pairs mate for life and produce one summer brood. However, they also inhabit smaller woodlots as long as they have a scattering of tall trees. 1992b. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:96-102. Although they are less likely feeder visitors than smaller woodpeckers, pileateds may regularly be attracted to them in areas experiencing harsh winter conditions. "The pileated woodpecker as a keystone species: USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. The Pileated Woodpecker is surprisingly tolerant of human changes to the landscape and has adapted well to suburban and even urban habitats as long as there are enough mature trees and snags for nesting and feeding. With flashing black-and-white wings and a bright red crest, when a crow-sized Pileated Woodpecker swoops by, even the most experienced birders stop in their tracks. It is illegal to harm or remove the birds without a permit. 'Tis the Season for Baby Lizards | Natural History Museum Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Cavity depth can range from 10-24 inches. The roost of a pileated woodpecker usually has multiple entrance holes. Found primarily across southern Canada, the eastern United States, the northern Rockies, and parts of the Pacific Coast, pileated woodpeckers are monogamous, non-migratory birds. It pries off long slivers of wood to expose ant galleries. The scientific name for the pileated woodpecker is Dryocopus pileatus. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. In The Birds of North America (P. G. Rodewald, editor). TSN: 178166. Sleeps or roosts in cavity at night. Both incubate the eggs and feed the chicks, which fledge after about a month, then remain dependent on their parents for several months more. Pileated Woodpecker - Dryocopus pileatus - NatureWorks - New Hampshire PBS Damage to Environment: Sometimes, these woodpeckers pecking activity causes serious damage to trees. An insectivore, it inhabits deciduous forests in eastern North America, the Great Lakes, the boreal forests of Canada, and parts of the Pacific Coast. Pileated Woodpecker - Dryocopus pileatus - Birds of the World Even mammals such as raccoons may use them. Convergent in birds. Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Synonyms: Logcock, PIWO, Wood God, Woodhen. Woodpeckers(Order: Piciformes, Family: Picidae). Youre more likely to hear its drumming or high-pitched, piercing alarm call drifting through the forest. [6] The pileated woodpecker is now one of six species that the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy place in genus Dryocopus. Pileated woodpeckers give a variety of calls, from soft chucks to a louder, repeated, cuk, cuk, cuk. These calls, along with drumming against the resonant trunk of a dead tree, are often tied to courtship or territoriality. Available at: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681363A92903232.en, https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/, http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip, "More Pileated Woodpeckers: Emerald Ash Borer or Healthier Habitat? Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native ). As they work, they occasionally toss piles of wood chips onto the ground, and they line their nests with some of the chips too. animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. View all of our Pileated Woodpecker pictures in the gallery. You make the call compare Woody with both species below! Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. They prefer old-growth forests with standing dead trees and fallen logs, which they bore at and probe with their barbed tongues while searching for food. Bearded Dragon Quiz How Much Do You Know? It pries off long slivers of wood to expose ant galleries. Was Woody Woodpecker a pileated? Since they are non-migratory birds, they can be found throughout the year. Like many woodpeckers, their long retractable tongues have barbs and sticky saliva to snare bugs. Or does it perhaps sound like a ramped-up Acorn Woodpecker? A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds, Including All Species That Regularly Breed North of Mexico. Dryocopus pileatus pileatus , Rockwoods Reservation, Wildwood, Missouri, USA Dryocopus pileatus pileatus , Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA Dryocopus pileatus distribution map Taxonavigation . They defend the territory in all seasons, but tolerate floaters during the winter. Three to five eggs are laid per clutch, and both sexes incubate the eggs for a period of roughly 18 days. After pairing off, they locate prospective nesting sites and spend two to three weeks building them. Pileated woodpeckers lay 1 to 6 eggs/clutch; the eggs are white in coloration and are about 1.3 inches in length and 1 inch in breadth. In these areas they occupy remnant patches of forest, parks, and green-belts. ", "Woody The Acorn (Not Pileated) Woodpecker", Dryocopus pileatus- University of Michigan Species Account, Pileated woodpecker stamps at bird-stamps.org, Pileated woodpecker sound at Florida Museum of Natural History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pileated_woodpecker&oldid=1142443171, Birds of the Sierra Nevada (United States), Extant Late Pleistocene first appearances, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Taxonbars with automatically added original combinations, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 11:46. Pileated woodpeckers have a large population size, and despite being nonmigratory, are protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Act. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole, Editor). Roost trees tend to have multiple entrances to allow birds to escape predators. [16] From 1966 to 2015 the population of pileated woodpecker has, on average, increased by greater than 1.5% per year throughout the northeastern U.S., the Maritimes, the Ohio River Valley, and around the Great Lakes.[17]. The male and female pileated woodpeckers have very similar characteristics, so its difficult to distinguish them. There are only two recognized subspecies: D. p. abieticola, the northern pileated woodpecker, and D. p. pileatus, the southern pileated woodpecker. Northwest Science 69:294-303. Pages 129-169 in E. R. Brown, technical editor. Drumming is used to proclaim a territory. In the wild, this woodpecker is sometimes hunted by cats. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:392-406. In Oregon and Washington, prey consists of carpenter and thatching ants (Hymenoptera), beetle larvae (Coleoptera), termites (Isoptera), and other insects. Nestlings are naked and defenseless upon hatching, and both parents feed them through regurgitation. As a large, non-migratory insectivore, the pileated woodpecker may provide an important role in controlling insect outbreaks, particularly those of tree beetles. having the capacity to move from one place to another. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. [5] The type locality is South Carolina. They make impressive rectangular excavations that can be a foot or more long and go deep inside the wood. Kilham (1979) reported that eggs were unattended for up to 20 minutes in the first few days; attended nearly 100% of the time after that. Both parents incubate eggs alternately during the day; the male incubates at night. Dryocopus pileatus is a crow-sized (40-49 cm long, (15-19 in)) member of the woodpecker family, Picidae. This bird favors mature forests and heavily wooded parks. offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) Black Phoebe | Audubon Field Guide Identification Numbers. Diana Young (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. This material is based upon work supported by the Ecologically, the entire woodpecker family is important to the well being of many other bird species. Purchasing through these helps us further the A-Z Animals mission to educate about the world's species. [12] Two species found in the Old World, the White-bellied woodpecker (D. javensis) and black woodpeckers (D. martius), are closely related and occupy the same ecological niche in their respective ranges that the pileated occupies in North America. The pileated woodpecker is a crow-sized bird with a mostly charcoal-gray colored body. Large rectangular/oval excavations in snags are indicative of pileated woodpecker foraging. The average wingspan of this bird falls between 26 and 30 inches. [21] The oldest known pileated woodpecker was 12 years and 11 months old. Ecology of pileated woodpeckers in managed landscapes on the Olympic Peninsula. Source: Clements checklist. [17], Pileated woodpeckers have been observed to move to another site if any eggs have fallen out of the nesta rare habit in birds. The pileated woodpecker's breeding habitat is forested areas across Canada, the eastern United States, and parts of the Pacific Coast. They are self-assured on the vertical surfaces of large trees, but can seem awkward while feeding on small branches and vines. It is most commonly pronounced with the first syllable sounding like pie, which rhymes with why. However, the first syllable is sometimes pronounced like pill, which rhymes with will.. The nest holes these birds make offer crucial shelter to many species including swifts, owls, ducks, bats, and pine martens. The pattern is typically a fairly slow, deep rolling that lasts about three seconds. The cavity is unlined except for wood chips. When abandoned, these holesmade similarly by all woodpeckersprovide good homes in future years for many forest songbirds and a wide variety of other animals. View all of the Pileated Woodpecker images! What is the wingspan of the pileated woodpecker? Blanford Press. Pileated woodpeckers are mainly black with a red crest, and have a white line down the sides of the throat. Search in feature These excavations can be so broad and deep that they can cause small trees to break in half. Pileated Woodpeckers supplement their insect diet with fruits and nuts, and will visit backyard suet feeders, to the delight of human observers. Adult males have a red line from the bill to the throat; in adult females these are black. Coniferous or deciduous forest. Version 7. Also, this woodpecker may be a keystone species because its nest excavations provide habitat for many other species (Aubrey and Raley, 2002). The Pileated Woodpecker is the largest woodpecker found in most of North America. A clutch size of 4 is most common in this woodpecker. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Its nearly the size of a crow, black with bold white stripes down the neck and a flaming-red crest. They specifically prefer mesic habitats with large, mature hardwood trees, often being found in large tracts of forest. Most species live only one to two years, and a newly imported octopus may have just weeks left. The largest of the North American common woodpeckers, pileated woodpeckers are birds that are easy to recognize thanks to the distinctive red crests atop their heads. Dryocopus pileatus hollows out nests 8 inches wide and 2 feet deep. It is estimated that there are nearly 2 million of these woodpeckers alive today, and their populations are increasing. Pileated is derived from the Latin word pileus, which refers to a brimless, cone-shaped hat popular in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The Pileated Woodpecker has a bright red crest at the top of its head. Animalia: information (1) Animalia: pictures (22861) Animalia: specimens (7109) Animalia: sounds (722) Animalia: maps (42) Eumetazoa metazoans. Predators at their nesting sites include squirrels, weasels, rat snakes, and gray foxes.Human activity poses threats for these woodpeckers, and they are often killed from collisions with glass windows and doors. Usually, pileated woodpeckers excavate their large nests in the cavities of dead trees. Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernndez-Baos, R. A. Jimnez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. Resident through forested North America from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, s. Quebec, and central Ontario south to s. Florida, and west to forested river bottoms extending into the Great Plains in e. Texas and se. Males and females both have charcoal-gray bodies and red crests atop their heads. B L W W W Family Latin Name; 16.5" 42cm: 29" 73.7cm: 10oz 283.5g: Picidae: Dryocopus pileatus: Wildlife Habitats and Species Associations in Oregon and Washington: Building a Common Understanding for Management. The birds skull and neck are reinforced, allowing it to peck away at wood for extended periods of time. to forage, roost or even nest in them. Large cavity nesters, like fishers (large weasels), are especially dependent on spacious pileated nest holes. 1985. Males have a red line extending from the bill to the throat; in females, the line is black. They may forage around the sides of human homes or even cars, and can be observed feeding at suet-type feeders. The word pileated has four syllables. Although Pileated Woodpecker pairs share a territory throughout the year, male and female birds roost separately at night. Category:Dryocopus pileatus - Wikimedia Commons What is the difference between a pileated woodpecker and an ivory-billed woodpecker? 2003. They may also forage on or near the ground, especially around fallen, dead trees, which can contain a variety of insect life. Oklahoma. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. For the finishing touches, the bird climbs all the way into the hole and chips away at it from the inside. Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry. The nest construction usually takes 3-6 weeks, and nests are rarely reused in later years. Intensively managed forests typically do not retain these habitat features. . (Audio of Woody Woodpecker by Universal Studios & Walter Lantz Productions; Audio of Pileated Woodpecker by J.R. Rigby, XC290154. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. Homeowners and utility companies are often concerned about damage to homes and trees. ): The sharp whistled call of the Black Phoebe is a typical sound along creeks and ponds in the southwest. Cornell Lab All About Birds Pileated Woodpecker, Lewis, Jeffrey C. and Jeffrey M. Azerrad. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=101665227 The visible differences between the ivory-billed woodpecker and the pileated woodpecker are in their looks. 427 Sample size Tiny Data quality Acceptable Observations No observations are presently available Life history traits (averages) Female sexual maturity 354 days These birds are not endangered and have steadily increasing population numbers. The flight of these birds is strong and direct, but undulates in the way characteristic of woodpeckers. Population Spatial Metrics. Their large cavities are used by a wide variety of both small and large birds and mammals that are primary and . Nests are usually located 15 to 50 feet above the ground, and both sexes work on excavating the hole. Also, providing nesting boxes or other nesting habitat for the birds may be a successful strategy (Texas Partners in Flight, 2000). Adapted primarily for climbing on vertical surfaces; occasionally hops on the ground. [2], The English naturalist Mark Catesby described and illustrated the pileated woodpecker in his book The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands which was published between 1729 and 1732. Coniferous or deciduous forest. Sauer, J. R., D. K. Niven, J. E. Hines, D. J. Ziolkowski Jr., K. L. Pardieck, J. E. Fallon, and W. A. 1250 Siskiyou Blvd Pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) longevity, ageing, and life [4] The specific epithet pileatus is a Latin word meaning "-capped". Even if they use the same tree, each bird has its own roosting cavity probably because their large size would make sharing a cavity an uncomfortable proposition! ADW: Dryocopus pileatus: CLASSIFICATION USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, USA. Pileated woodpeckers also eat many other types of insects along with nuts and seeds. Pileated Woodpecker - American Bird Conservancy ____, ____, and ____. Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) - Birds of North America Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) 23.jpg 1,589 970; 815 KB Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) 24.jpg 1,338 1,558; 892 KB Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) 25.jpg 2,587 1,626; 2.22 MB Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) 26.jpg 1,526 967; 844 KB Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) 27.jpg 2,550 1,593; 2.07 MB Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, USA. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2023 American Bird Conservancy. Bull, Evelyn L. and Jerome A. Jackson. current name Dryocopus pileatus basionym: Picus pileatus Linnaeus, 1758 NCBI BLAST name: birds Rank: species Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 2 (Vertebrate Mitochondrial) Other names: common name (s) pileated woodpecker Lineage ( full ) ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. ABC has a number of programs in place to reduce these threats, including our Cats Indoors program, which encourages pet owners to keep cats and birds safe, and our Glass Collisions program. How fast does the pileated woodpecker fly? Also listen for this bird's deep, loud drumming and shrill, whinnying calls. Bull, E.L., Jackson, J.A., Birds of North America. Mississippis 5 Best Bird Watching Spots This Summer. The Pileated Woodpecker's main requirement is large trees, including some that are dead and dying. The nest holes these birds . ____, R. C. Beckwith, and R. S. Holthausen. The train contains ocelli which are the eye shaped markings. The Pileated Woodpecker is one of the biggest, most striking forest birds on the continent. Is it wrong to keep octopuses in captivity? - Animals Its ability to survive in many wooded habitat types has allowed the species to survive human habitation of North America much better than the more specialized ivory-billed woodpecker. Because of its size and chisel-shaped bill, this woodpecker is particularly adept at excavating, and it uses this ability to construct nests and roost cavities and to find food. However, when you observe them closely, youll notice some differences. Dryocopus pileatus is a crow-sized (40-49 cm long, (15-19 in)) member of the woodpecker family, Picidae. Once the brood is raised, the birds abandon the hole and do not use it the next year. All body plumage is molted gradually from the late summer through early fall. Fruit from serviceberry and Oregon grape is sometimes on the menu, as well as nuts. They are protected by the U.S. Migratory Bird Act. The primary staple of this woodpecker is the carpenter ant. [16] When clashing with conspecifics, they engage in much chasing, calling, striking with the wings, and jabbing with the bill. The Cornell Lab will send you updates about birds, birding, and opportunities to help bird conservation. The average clutch size is four per nest. 1988. The pileated woodpecker's breeding habitat is forested areas across Canada, the eastern United States, and parts of the Pacific Coast. This woodpecker feeds on insects, primarily carpenter ants and woodboring beetle larvae; also wild fruits and nuts. Geographically speaking, pileated woodpeckers are birds that are mostly found in the eastern U.S. and southern Canada. Kingdom Animalia animals. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. [7][8][9] However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) places the pileated and several others in genus Hylatomus. Graceful! Pileated Woodpecker Slow Motion Flight Into the Woods See all of our entertaining and insightful animal articles. 1995. Geography Launch Interactive Map . No amplification or filers applied. Though sometimes rare, pileated woodpeckers occur in all Klamath Network parks. WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more. Pileated woodpeckers mainly eat insects, especially carpenter ants and wood-boring beetle larvae. They also eat fruits, nuts, and berries, including poison ivy berries. The oldest known Pileated Woodpecker was a male, and at least 12 years, 11 months old when he was recaptured and rereleased during banding operations in Maryland. 2002. Map by Birds of the World, maintained by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. The widely distributed species occurs across at least the southern half of Canada, throughout the eastern United States, and along parts of the Pacific Coast and northern Rockies. Ehrlich, P. R., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye (1988). Average mass: 364 g. Source: Catesby used the English name "The larger red-crested Wood-pecker" and the Latin Picus niger maximus capite rubro. Old-growth forest meets these habitat needs, and Douglas-fir, especially in western Oregon, is a choice nest and roost tree. This species became rare in eastern North America with clearing of forests in centuries past, but has gradually .