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Farmers in the east and south of In January the ITCZ is in its southernmost Historically, Zambia has been prone to extreme rainfall events resulting in widespread flooding. and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind Zambia. Rainfall amount is the most important determinant of the type and distribution of ecoregions. Copy. Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . We're expecting roughly 8 to 15 days of rain, so your rubber boots and . Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. The significance of food, water and energy, An overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources, Carbon footprints, food miles and moves towards local sourcing of food. What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", "Flooding and Climate Change: Everything You Need to Know", "Climate of Zambia - By The Zambian For Zambia", "which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall", "Rainfall trends and variation in the Maasai Mara ecosystem and their implications for animal population and biodiversity dynamics", "LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Climate Normals 1961-1990", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Livingstone MET Climate Normals 19611990", "Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1136190768, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows). POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT Opportunities and Challenges in the Sahara Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Thar Desert, Opportunities and Challenges in the Western Desert. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. What is the value of the tropical rainforest? GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Plants, animals and people have evolved to this cycle which in Zambia has been fairly reliable, and it brings a number of ecological advantages which promote biodiversity. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. PDF Zambia - Oecd Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Tag: types of rainfall in zambia - geographypoint.com The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. At higher altitudes it can get a bit cooler. Population Zambia's population is about 10.9 million (2004), of which 64 percent is rural (Table 1). If you've found the resources on this page useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. The ecoregion has suffered extensive deforestation, especially in the highly urbanised Copperbelt Province due to charcoal production and clearing for farming, the centre of Central Province (for farming and ranching), and around Kasama and Mansa (charcoal production and chitemene farming). Landforms in the middle course of a river. Relief rainfall . This area is called the rain shadow. LUSAKA, Zambia The roofs on more than 446 schools in Zambia were torn off by heavy rains and winds in the past week as the rainy season commenced, an official told Parliament. This causes the air to expand and rise. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. While these costly relief efforts have been perceived as a necessity, such short-term interventions have generally precluded support for longer-term development processes, particularly in those areas with dry climate conditions. the air above it. What is the impact of humans on the temperate deciduous woodland? The convective storm started when hail 5 to 10 cms diameter hit a number of rural counties. In higher rainfall areas of Zambia the proportion and size of trees are at the higher extreme for this biome, with a canopy covering up to 40% of the ground and trees often exceeding 10 m in height. kcse revision notes Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. pp (EUR), Zambia: "In the last part of the season, January, February and March, 2021, most parts of Zambia will have a high chance of receiving normal to above normal rainfall. Climate of Zambia - Wikipedia So technically, Zambia is a very arid country with a humid and subtropical year with small patches of semi arid steppe. Easily compare offers from top rated tour operators. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. kcse history So far, any impact that climate change may have had generally on regional rainfall cannot be distinguished from natural variations. This is a type of rainfall that occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. International migration from Syria to Europe, Japan A country with a high dependent population. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. Stephen is a travel writer and avid conservationist whose work appears in prestigious magazines such as Africa Geographic and Travel Africa. Zambia climate: average weather, temperature - Climates to Travel As the air rises and cools, the orographic clouds form and serve as the precipitation source, where most falls upwind of the mountain ridge. [5][citation needed]. Relief (or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains and/or complex terrains. November - An unpredictable month, but usually with some afternoon rain. The fires are ignited by villagers hunting, burning crop residue, and preparing chitemene gardens; or by lightning in the early rainy season. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. Economic activities in glaciated upland areas, Glaciation Photo gallery Goat Fell, Isle of Arran. The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. Q Explain why Sialkot has over 250 mm of rain in July and August? The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. necta biology past paper Zambia's average annual temperature has increased by 1.3C since 1960, an average rate of 0.29C per decade. Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400 mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. What are the differences in global calorie intake and food supply? The distinction between rainy and dry seasons is marked with no rain at all falling in June, July and August. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive. Earlier this month, heavy rains left the Chipata Level One Hospital in the capital, Lusaka, completely flooded, leading to the evacuation of some patients. Zambia, a country located in southern Africa, is almost entirely covered by a plateau, which tempers the climate, making the temperature generally acceptable for most of the year. -. The torrential rainfall and flooding could aggravate the already fragile food insecurity situation in Zambia. One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. J. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . Corresponding variations are present in the recharge to a dolomite aquifer. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. The Zambia PPCR is both strategic and transformational. The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. Moisture-laden wind blows in from the sea. Convectional rain. eLimu | Physical Environment Hydrol., 59: 173--187. 82.8. This is restricted to the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southernmost parts of the country. How does food insecurity affect the environment? Most of Zambia forms part of the high plateau of this part of Africa (3,000 to 5,000 feet [900 to 1,500 metres] above sea level).Major relief features occur where river valleys and rifted troughs, some lake-filled, dissect its surface. How can we increase the amount of food produced globally? The presence of fire-adapted plants and palaeoecological studies indicate that such fires have happened for millennia. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. Succulent plants are also widespread, especially in rocky areas. The process starts when the sun heats the ground. The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). Weathering and mass movement in river valleys. Savanna Climate: Location, Rainfall and Vegetation | Climatology conserves both inter-specific and intra-specific diversity of crop species . On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. What is Nigerias location and importance? 3 Types of Rainfall - Free Geography Notes The air will expand and rise and then cool and Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Rain clouds gather over grain silos in the grain-producing region of the Overberg . None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? Why is there a trend towards agribusiness? You can join us here to take actions to help achieve an end to hunger. It can occur almost Safaris, DR Congo Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Tours, Zambia . Safaris, Madagascar A warmer climate with more rainfall means more vegetative cover and more animal action. Zambia borders Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia in the Zambia-specific climate change and (2) some empirical background on literature . Grasses and some other herbaceous plants dry up above ground but regenerate quickly with the onset of rains from roots and tubers, etc. Factors Influencing Weather and Climate - Geo for CXC Convectional rainfall occur for very short duration but occur in form of heavy showers. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Nairobi, P.O. STUDY OF SOIL Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? Over 446 Zambian schools lose roofs to heavy rains, winds - Anadolu Ajans The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Overview; Climate Data. Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. The average temperatures are between 66F and 87F. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? The role of termites in building mounds which remain above most of the flood is important as this provides habitats for plants less tolerant of getting waterlogged, as well as safe breeding sites for birds and some animals. Livingstone Projections for Zambia vary across models depending on assumptions; however, the majority of climate models suggest: Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive; waterspouts can be seen over lakes. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations COVID-19 Emergency Appeal Zambia (May - October 2020), Zambia Humanitarian Appeal, October 2019 - March 2020, ACAPS Briefing Note: Drought Southern Province (11 July 2019), Zambia: Flood in Southern Province - DREF Application (MDRZM019). Types of Rainfall. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. On the later part of the 20th century, runoff in the country decreased by 20 to 30% (MMET, 1998). How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. Did you know rain also occurs as the result of weather fronts and convection? agriculture does not contain personal information, cannot be traced back to you, and, Lusakas Climate Compared to Zambias Parks, Zambia A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. Relief rainfall occurs very frequently near mountains beside the sea. How did the temperate deciduous woodland get like this? Relief Rainfall. Relief is being provided to . The rate of increase is most rapid in the winter, at 0.34C per decade. types of rainfall in zambia But Bangalore is in rain . Such communities are said to be edaphic, and are found on grey dambo soils, black floodplain soils and Kalahari sands. Zambia is right in the tropics and gets lots of rain in the Wet season (November to April). Moderate rain describes . For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. necta csee chemistry past papers Lusaka City natural surface drainage (Natural Surface Water Flow Pattern) Stage 1. 17 Western and north-western India recorded more malaria cases with higher rainfall during La . [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Crops are frequently damaged by flooding and hail. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? Use the images below to explore related GeoTopics. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. Convection makes the air rise and cool. Traditionally, people have also migrated in the drier areas where rivers dambos are not prevalent. How have plants adapted to cold environments? Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. In the middle to late dry season, bushfires are prevalent, and smoke is noticeable by smell and as a haze. Zambia. For animals, adaptations to drought are seen in migration and breeding patterns, as well as the ability, found in rodents and reptiles especially, to obtain water requirements from food without the need to drink. Sue is an award-winning writer who specializes in African travel and conservation. Hence, the need of the country to always have enough maize in stock. What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? In geography, a location's relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. The broad types of soil found in Zambia are: In areas where soils are waterlogged for all or part of the year, or are very infertile, sandy or acidic, they take over from climate as the predominant factor in determining the distribution of plants and animals. The water cycle as it occurs in real life. This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . Evaporation and rainfall has been calculated for each month using data for the past 25 years (1990 to 2014) from Scientific Information for Land Owners SILO weather data service. 70.5. Month. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. rainfall - Weather and climate in the UK - BBC Bitesize [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Convectional rain. As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. This means it has a greater ability to carry water moisture and so there is little rain on the far side of the mountain. [16] Rainfall intensity results in heavy storms thereby causing floods that cause damage to property and crops. In south India, the Mangalore is located on the western windward slope and gets 2000 mm of rainfall. condense into a cloud and then rains. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . Prevailing winds are not usually very strong and a lack of a great deal of dry fuel on the ground (since most areas are burnt annually it does not build up) means that the fires are not as devastating as in countries such as Australia and the south-western USA. 2, though only 34 . Why extreme rains are gaining strength as the climate warms - Nature Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. The Indian Savanna is characterized by the highest temperature (being 45C- 48C in May and June) and lowest temperature (being 5C or even less during the month of January . Due to high rainfall and bad roads, the Wet season months from December to March are not ideal for visiting Zambia. Which landforms result from moving or melting ice? What are the effects of deforestation in the Amazon? Usually the days in November are hot while the nights are a bit cooler. This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. . Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? the rain season ranges from 120 to 150 days.The soils are highly leached and generally acidic, . The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. This ecoregion is made up of grassland and shrubland, with a great variety of orchids and wildflowers on exposed hills, with forest in narrow valleys and small depressions. SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. Relief Rainfall. How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? In dambos (grasslands found in most of the country) and other marshes, soil water is available throughout the dry season, but they may be rather acidic. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases height. It is well adapted to hot dry areas on sandy soils, and forms extensive forests which have been over-exploited by commercial timber production over the past 75 years, in: These are the most extensive non-floodplain grasslands in Zambia, covering about 5% of the country in the west, and support large herds of wildebeest which migrate between western Zambia and Angola. This chain is exploited by birds in their migration and in former times, animals also migrated along the chain. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. The best time to visit Zambia is from May to August. This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . In Zambia, increasing climate resilience for rural communities through Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . Where are the areas of water deficit and surplus in the UK? Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. Most of the rain occurs on the East side of the slope. In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Zambia has seen an increase in intercropping between the two years, with 7 percent of the surveyed households adopting intercropping between 2012 and 2015, Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. Here are some average weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: During the month of February, March, April, May, June, July and August you are most likely to experience good weather with pleasant average temperatures that fall between 20 degrees Celsius (68F) and 25 degrees Celsius (77F). There is no significantly discernable trend in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in recent years (McSweeney et al, 2010). The elevation of the great plateau on which Zambia is located, typically between 1,000 and 1,300 metres (3,281 and 4,265ft), modifies temperatures, which are lower than for coastal areas at the same latitude, and pleasant for much of the year. Grey dambo soils contain more nutrients but are waterlogged in the rainy season and often very acidic, restricting the plants which can grow there to sedges and wiry grasses tolerant of marshy conditions. [2], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1003499747, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.