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Then in 1492, Christopher Columbus, the Italian explorer began his exploration of the Caribbean, becoming the first European to venture into the area. In the past few decades, natural disasters and deteriorating political and economic conditions have caused significant devastation and displacement, driving more migrants, from Cuba and Haiti in particular, to seek routes to the United States by land, sea, and air. Total Population Broward County: 1,748,066 Black or African American alone 467,519 (27%) Very few immigrants from English-speaking Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago (1 percent each) were LEP, while immigrants from the Dominican Republic (63 percent) and Cuba (62 percent) had much higher LEP shares than all U.S immigrants. Much smaller numbers reside in Broward County in Florida and Bronx, Kings, and Queens counties in New York. According to the 2018 US Census Bureau estimates, Florida's population was 74.7% White (53.3% Non-Hispanic White), 16.0% Black or African American, 2.8% Asian, 0.3% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.3% Some Other Race, and 2.9% from two or more races. [1] Latinos in Florida accounted for 5.3 million (8 percent) of the US Latino population. Click hereto view an interactive map showing where migrants from the Caribbean and other countries have settled worldwide. In school year (SY) 2017-18, 11,300 Caribbean students were enrolled in U.S. higher educational institutions, representing 1 percent of the total 1.1 million international students. The top three Caribbean countries by DACA participation were Jamaica (2,590 recipients), the Dominican Republic (2,330), and Trinidad and Tobago (1,840). More than 425,000 U.S. citizens in Florida live with at least one family member who is undocumented. Jane Lorenzi was a Research Intern with MPI's U.S. Immigration Policy Program. Figure 1. Figure 2. Acosta, Yesenia and Patricia de la Cruz. Together, these five counties accounted for 43 percent of the total Caribbean immigrant population in the United States. South Florida - Wikipedia Much smaller numbers reside in Broward County in Florida and Bronx, Kings, and Queens counties in New York. The top countries of origin for immigrants were Cuba (23 percent of immigrants), Haiti (8 percent), Colombia (6 percent), Mexico (6 percent), and Jamaica (5 percent). Migration Data in the Caribbean. Gibson, Campbell J. and Emily Lennon. Some entities alternately designate this region "South Florida". Dancers celebrate Caribbean Day in New York City. The Migration Policy Institute (MPI) estimates as that as of 2019, approximately 327,000 (3 percent) of the 11 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States were from the Caribbean. Wilson, Jill. External Processing: A Tool to Expand Protection or Further Restrict Territorial Asylum? South Florida Caribbean News www.sflcn.com. Spanning a million square miles and dotted with more than 700 islands, the Caribbean Sea was one of the last places colonized by Native Americans as they explored and settled North and South America. Very few immigrants from English-speaking Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago (2 percent each) were Limited English Proficient (LEP), while immigrants from Cuba (63 percent) and the Dominican Republic (64 percent) had very high LEP shares. 909,104 people in Florida, including 425,814 U.S. citizens, lived with at least one undocumented family member between 2010 and 2014. She holds a bachelor's degree in international affairs from Marquette University. Available online. Rise in Maritime Migration to the United States Is a Reminder of Chapters Past. Caribbean immigrants are slightly less likely than the overall foreign-born population to be of working age (18 to 64; see Figure 4). Tamir, Christine and Monica Anderson. New green-card holders from the Caribbean were more likely to have been admitted as refugees or asylees (17 percent)than the overall LPR population (9 percent), due to the large number of Cuban nationals who have adjusted their status under the fast-track process set by the Cuban Adjustment Act. They are occasionally being encountered . The U.S. government estimated that 155,000 Haitians already in the United States may be eligible for TPS under this new designation (which is open to Haitians covered under the previous designation). Data collection constraints do not permit inclusion of those who gained citizenship of a Caribbean island nation via naturalization and later moved to the United States. American crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus) are a shy and reclusive species. Unlike many areas with centralized cities surrounded by development, most of South Florida is preserved natural area and designated agricultural reserves, with development restricted to a dense, narrow strip along the coast. Figure 9. Available online. antillarum in the Florida Keys 25 years after the Caribbean mass mortality" in Proc. N.d. 2017 American Community Survey (ACS). These individuals represented about 1 percent of all 611,500 DACA participants. Glaucoma screening in the Haitian Afro-Caribbean population of South Florida PLoS One. Table 1. Available online. Florida is home to more than 24,000 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) recipients. Copyright American Immigration Council. Figure 3. Caribbean immigrants are more likely to be employed in service occupations and production, transportation, and material moving occupations than the other two groups of workers. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 11.0 [dataset]. More one-quarter (29 percent) of adult immigrants had a college degree or more education in 2018, while one-fifth (20 percent) had less than a high school diploma. [14][15] The economy in South Florida is very similar to that in Central Florida. [20][19], In 2014, the City of South Miami passed a resolution in favor of splitting the state in half, with a northern boundary drawn to include the counties of Brevard, Orange, Polk, Hillsborough, and Pinellas (roughly the Tampa Bay and Orlando areas). Working Paper No. More than half of all immigrants in Florida are naturalized U.S. citizens. With a population of 21.5 million according to the 2020 census, Florida is the most populous state in the Southeastern United States, and the second-most populous state in the South behind Texas. Immigrants in Florida | American Immigration Council TheDiversity Visa lotterywas established by the Immigration Act of 1990 to allow entry to immigrants from countries with low rates of immigration to the United States. All rights reserved. Distribution of Caribbean Immigrants by Country of Origin, 2017. South Florida is the southernmost region of the U.S. state of Florida. Largest cities in South Florida by population: The Miami accent is a regional accent of the American English dialect spoken in South Florida, particularly in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Monroe counties. Available online. Not shown are the populations in Alaska and Hawaii, which are small in size; for details, visit the Migration Policy Institutes (MPI) Migration Data Hub for an interactive map showing geographic distribution of immigrants by state and county,available online.Source:MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2015-19 ACS. While the term most commonly refers to the Keys and Greater Miami, interpretations vary on the inclusion of some other parts of Florida within the South Florida region, most commonly the southern parts of the Tampa Bay area, the inclusion of Southwest Florida and its cities, and the Treasure Coast. The article examines the population of immigrants from the entire Caribbean region, as well as those from the five largest origin countries: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago. Top States of Residence for Caribbean Immigrants in the United States, 2015-19. Immigrant workers were most numerous in the following industries: The largest shares of immigrant workers were in the following industries: In 2018, immigrant workers were most numerous in the following occupation groups: The largest shares of immigrant workers were in the following occupation groups: Undocumented immigrants comprised 6 percent of Floridas workforce in 2016. These individuals represented 1 percent of the 699,350 DACA participants. Available online. Similarly, in 2017, approximately 17 percent of Caribbean immigrants were living in poverty, a higher rate than for the native born (13 percent) and for immigrants overall (15 percent). 2.7 million immigrant workers comprised 26 percent of the labor force in 2018. Available online. Close to 90 percent of immigrants in the United States from the 13 Caribbean countries and 17 dependent territories come from one of four countries: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Haiti. Immigrant entrepreneurs in Florida generate billions of dollars in business revenue. While the Caribbean immigrant population tripled in size between 1980 and 2010, its growth rate had declined by 2019 (see Figure 1). A 2007 study of Florida's regions by Ary Lamme and Raymond K. Oldakowski found that Floridians surveyed identified "South Florida" as comprising the southernmost sections of peninsular Florida, meaning from Jupiter, Florida, southward. Spotlights from MPI's online journal, the Migration Information Source, use the latest data to provide information on size, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic characteristics of particular immigrant groups, including English proficiency,educational and professional attainment, income and poverty, health coverage, and remittances. In 2017, 23 percent of Caribbean immigrants had not finished high school, compared to 28 percent of all immigrants and 9 percent of U.S.-born adults. Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS. Top Metropolitan Areas of Residence for Caribbean Immigrants in the United States, 2015-19. Today, Cubans who attempt to enter the United States via land without a visa are considered inadmissible and are subject to deportation. West Indian Americans - Wikipedia 81, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, February 2006),available online. The Caribbean is the most common region of birth for the 4.5 million Black immigrants in the United States, accounting for 46 percent of the total. Notes: Family-sponsored preference: Includes adult children and siblings of U.S. citizens as well as spouses and children of green-card holders. Figure 8. The demographics of South Florida residents can be segmented as following: Over 87.2% of all foreigners residing in South Florida come from Latin America. Use our interactive maps, with the latest available data, to learn where immigrant populations, by country or region of birth, live in the United Statesat state, county, and metro levels. U.S. Policy Differences for Cubans and Haitians. Caribbean Population of South Florida Christine L. Bokman1, Louis R. Pasquale2,3, Richard K. Parrish II1, Richard K. Lee1* 1. Once granted parole, a temporary status, these family members may enter the United States and apply for work authorization, while waiting for their green cards to be approved. As of 2013-17, the U.S. cities with the largest number of Caribbean immigrants were the greater New York and Miami metropolitan areas. In 2017, approximately 4.4 million Caribbean immigrants resided in the United States, accounting for 10 percent of the nations 44.5 million immigrants. Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 American Community Survey (ACS). Together, immigrants make up more than a quarter of Floridas labor force. Cuban Migration: A Postrevolution Exodus Ebbs and Flows. Individuals from Jamaica (2,020 participants), the Dominican Republic (1,780), and Trinidad and Tobago (1,340) were the largest Caribbean groups participating in DACA. Immigrants from Trinidad and Tobago (70 percent) and Jamaica (68 percent) had the highest naturalization rates, while those from the Dominican Republic (52 percent) were the least likely to be naturalized. Additionally, Southwest Florida, representing the state's southern Gulf Coast, has emerged as a directional vernacular region. Copyright 2001-2023 Migration Policy Institute. Note: The sum of shares by type of insurance is likely to be greater than 100 because people may have more than one type of insurance.Source: MPI tabulation of data from the U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS. In fiscal year (FY) 2017, 66 percent of the roughly 174,500 Caribbean immigrants who became lawful permanent residents (LPRs) that year did so as either immediate relatives or other family members of U.S. citizens or LPRs, the same rate as the new LPRs from all countries. Click herefor an interactive data tool showing top states and counties of residence for unauthorized immigrants in the United States by country or region of origin. The population of Florida reached 19.7 million in 2014 and exceeded New York's residents for the first time in history. It is one of Florida's three most commonly referred to directional regions; the other two are Central Florida and North Florida. 29 percent in Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater. 2018. Compared to the total foreign-born population, Caribbean immigrants are more likely to be naturalized citizens and slightly less likely to be Limited English Proficient (LEP), but have lower educational attainment and higher poverty rates. Accessed February 1, 2019. Available online. Two populations from the Caribbean in the past received special treatment under U.S. immigration law. Florida has long been home to a large number of immigrants, many of whom hail from the Caribbean. In fact there are legally named communities in South Florida such as Little Haiti (majority Haitian) and Little Havana (majority Cuban). IPUMS USA: Version 8.0 [dataset]. Note: Pooled 201317 ACS data were used to get statistically valid estimates at the state level for smaller-population geographies. Following the 1959 Cuban Revolution, an estimated 1.4 million people fled to the United States. [17], Florida's public education system identified more than 200 first languages other than English spoken in the homes of students. On average, household incomes of Caribbean immigrants were lower in 2019, with a median income of $52,000, compared to $64,000 for all immigrant households and $66,000 for U.S.-born households. [19], In 2008, the North Lauderdale City Commission passed a resolution calling for a new state of South Florida to be formed from Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe Counties. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Globally, approximately 9.1 million migrants from the Caribbean reside outside their countries of birth, according to mid-2020 estimates by the United Nations Population Division. General Contractor ANF Group has broken ground on Sol Vista, an 8-story senior living community located at 11251 Caribbean Boulevard in Cutler Bay, Miami-Dade County.Designed by Burgos Lanza & Associates and developed by MRK Partners and Cypress Equity Investments, this 227-unit affordable housing development will offer one-bedroom apartments reserved for those aged 62 and older and those .