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Latinos are a diverse ethnic group that includes many different cultures, races, and nationalities. Hispanic people are the youngest population, with 33% below age 18, and 57% below age 34 (Figure 4). Cultural Barriers to Treatment and Compliance. She has three grown children: two still live in Mexico, and the third lives in a distant U.S. city. The Concurrent Integration of Treatment Modali-ties in Social Work Practice." D.S.W. Objective Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Hispanic women. These terms are often used interchangeably, including by the U.S. Census Bureau, although "Hispanic" is more often utilized in governmental and market research and statistical record keeping, while "Latino" perhaps enjoys more popular usage today. As Hispanics continue their ascent as the largest and fastest growing minority group in the U.S., tension points between the healthcare and the Hispanic communities are growing as well, fueled by the lack of outreach from the former to the latter. Among Hispanics who needed but did not receive treatment in the past year, 95.8% did not feel the need for it, 2.2% felt the need for treatment but did not make an effort to get it, and 2.0% felt the need for treatment and did make an effort to get it. From the upstairs hallway of our home, I watched my great-aunt prepare for the cleansing. Treatment Outcomes in Undocumented Hispanic Immigrants with HIV - PLOS What are the treatments for heroin use disorder? Culturally competent care necessitates cross-cultural training, which is increasingly included in medical education, but with the realization that cultural competency is a lifelong learning process rather than an end in itself.8. Related letter: Chagas Disease Is a Consideration in Latino Patients. 35% less heart disease and 49% less cancer; A lower death rate overall, but about a 50% higher death rate from diabetes; 24% more poorly controlled high blood pressure; 23% more obesity; 28% less colorectal screening. Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish and/or are descended from Spanish-speaking populations, while Latino refers to people who are from or descended from people from Latin America. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. According to Pew Research, a law passed by Congress in 1976 defined Hispanics as . Spanish language handouts are a better option. Recent immigrants often feel lonely and can have culture shock, fears of deportation, and financial problems; depressed mood may manifest as headaches and somatic symptoms. Background Patients who are members of minority groups may be more likely than others to consult physicians of the same race or ethnic group, but little is known about the relation between. Despite a lack of U.S. studies, a Norwegian study found that although immigrants from tuberculosis-endemic regions did bring more strains of tuberculosis with them, they did not significantly contribute to the spread of tuberculosis within the resident population.18, Non-Latino physicians may be perplexed by references to folk healing and illness in Latino patients. Volume 13 Issue 3 | Cancer Discovery | American Association for Cancer The Role of Black and Hispanic Physicians in Providing Health Care for Visit SAMHSA on Instagram Stigma of psychological treatment, belief that problems should be addressed at the family level (familismo), a misunderstanding or belief that treatment will not help with a child's behaviors, a . Religion can be a protective factor for mental health in Latinx/Hispanic communities (faith, prayer) but can also contribute to the stigma against mental illness and treatment (demons, lack of faith, sinful behavior), so targeting religious institutions to help encourage good mental health and treatment-seeking is important. dissertation, University of Southern Cali-fornia, 1973. However, the most useful technique is teach back or show me: having patients repeat their care instructions until they do it correctly. 37% of Latinos have. It was developed specially to treat people between the ages of 3 and 18. Treatment referral and information, 24/7, Visit the SAMHSA Facebook page Combination therapy generally uses multiple treatment methods at once. By the year 2050 that figure is expected to rise to 24 percent of the total U.S. population. The Bracero program, a guest worker program started in 1942, was designed to bring experienced agricultural laborers to the U.S. from Mexico and led to a huge influx of Mexican immigrants. In a 2002 report from the Institute of Medicine, more than 175 studies were cited to document this disparity.6 In an attempt to address this problem, the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) were released in 2001 by the Office of Minority Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.7 Fourteen guidelines were published, which were organized around three main themes: culturally competent care, language access services, and organizational supports. The ethnic terms Latino or Hispanic refer to a diverse population of Latin American descent that includes many nationalities and races. The term "Latino" has become more commonly used in recent years to describe those whose primary ethnic heritage stems from Latin America. Downward National Trends in Mental Health Treatment Offered in Spanish Increasing Cultural Sensitivity in Existing Treatment Approaches For Latinos, interpersonal warmth is very important, and when a therapist is experienced as "cold" or A significant share of Hispanic adults who lack a regular health care provider are native born, have a high school diploma, speak English and have health insurance. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Hispanics - Medscape While not considering Hispanics as a distinct race, the U.S. Census (utilizing federally delineated categories) defines someone "Hispanic" or "Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. While this has been a challenge across patient populations, it has been especially pronounced among the U.S. Latino population, which shows a rate of non-adherence almost 40% higher than the rate seen in the U.S. Caucasian population. A mother might use cooling herbs to treat diaper rash, a hot condition. Indeed, such a patient's silence might best be interpreted as an indirect and nonverbal form of disagreement. Most Latino immigrants have received the BCG vaccine; although past practice has been to interpret skin test results without regard to BCG status, false-positive tests in this population are common. Thematic analysis was used to identify common patterns and form recommendations for future research and programs. Folk Cures and Alternative Treatment Are Putting Hispanic Patients At Yet Latinos are at particular risk for diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, hypertension, HIV/AIDS, alcoholism, cirrhosis, and death from violence.4 There is also a disproportionately high prevalence of acute care in the treatment of Latinos; that is, too often patients delay medical care until their conditions worsen and necessitate immediate attention. Hispanics and Health Care in the United States | Pew Research Center By comparison, only 35% of Hispanics 50 and older say the same - a 30-percentage-point gap. A chaperone is often appreciated if a same-sex physician is not available. They are a starting point, not an ending point; in other words, they call practitioners to look more deeply into the particular cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic contours of their patients' backgrounds and to open themselves to alternative ways of understanding and interpreting their patients' actions and requests. Other health problems include stress, neurocysticercosis, and tuberculosis. Courtney Parker, CC BY. Mental Health In The Latino/Hispanic Community This free webinar will discuss a guide for service providers, which includes aspects such as how culture change affects Hispanics and Latinos. Medical practices and hospitals should strive to create an environment that is warm and welcoming to Latino patients. Latinx/Hispanic Communities and Mental Health Mental Health America Offers information about mental health issues in Latinx/Hispanic communities, including demographics, prevalence, treatment issues, and more. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and Healers - Geriatrics Her husband died in an industrial accident four years ago, and she is still grieving. During Maria's next visit, you arrange for a telephone interpreter, which enables you to take a brief social history. SAMHSA will be highlighting the important role each of us has in maintaining a healthy life and ensuring a productive future. Cysticercosis is caused by consumption of contaminated with pork tapeworm. In either case, they are treated with the opposite hot or cold treatment. You then schedule a return visit, during which an interpreter will be available. The point deserves emphasis: Health care providers must be cautious not to oversimplify the values, customs, and beliefs that characterize any ethnic group-especially one as heterogeneous as Latinos. We sought to compare the treatment outcomes of undocumented and documented patients 12-months after entering HIV care. Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment of Hypertension in Hispanics Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral-naive patients 18 years and older attending their first visit at Thomas Street Health Center in . Visit the SAMHSA YouTube channel, Visit SAMHSA on LinkedIn Specifically, to Latin America, to people from the Caribbean, South America, and Central America. The 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines lowered the blood pressure threshold for diagnosis of stage I hypertension to 130-139/80-89 mm Hg. Generally speaking, Latino cultures include a more family-centered decision making model than the more individualistic or autonomy-based model embraced by modern mainstream biomedical culture in the United States. It took extra time in relationship-building (personalismo), a team approach, an interpreter, negotiation, and a bit of research to make it all happen. A high-carbohydrate and high-calorie diet, a more sedentary lifestyle in the United States, and genetic factors may contribute. Such patient activation or motivation for change is more challenging in foreign-born Latinos, but may be achieved through active dialogue and discussion.32 Hopeful involvement in the care plan should replace fatalism or resignation. Modern Mexicans turn to old ways of childbirth Three types of medications include: (1) agonists, which activate opioid receptors; (2) partial agonists, which also activate opioid receptors but produce a smaller response; and (3) antagonists, which block the receptor and interfere with the rewarding effects of opioids. Addressing patients properly can be another challenge. Addiction is a chronic, yet treatable brain condition similar to other chronic illnesses like diabetes. Some cultural barriers may be overcome by using the teach back technique to ensure that directions are correctly understood and by creating a welcoming health care environment for Latino patients. Physicians must be sensitive to Latino cultural values of simpatia (kindness), personalismo (relationship), respeto (respect), and modestia (modesty). The LEARN technique can facilitate cross-cultural interviews. This is because of barriers to accessing care and stigma surrounding behavioral health problems (Hostetter & Klein, 2018). In addition, diet and exercise do not have a prominent place in the daily activities of the Hispanic family. 1 The term does not refer only to Spanish speakers, however; many people usually thought of as "Hispanic"-the people of Brazil, for instance, or those from indigenous Mexican communities-often do not speak Spanish at all, or at least not as their primary language. This is especially (though far from uniquely) true in the agricultural sector of the U.S. economy. The same is also applies to the substance abuse treatment. For literate patients, it may be helpful to write things down, even if this must be done in English rather than Spanish. Web-based resources are available to assist physicians in understanding Latino health beliefs (Table 4). Master the basics of the Virta Treatment and understand the full patient experience. Many Latinos are accustomed to self-treating because most pharmaceuticals are available without prescription in their home countries. Most, although not all, alternative therapies in the Latino community are not harmful and may be combined with conventional care. 1. Moreover, the family itself can play an enormously important role in supporting and empowering the patient within the medical setting. The final commentary, drawing on the others, seeks to join the issues from an explicitly bioethical perspective. Psychiatry.org - Working with Latino Patients Herbs often have hot or cold properties; hot herbs are used to treat cold conditions, and vice versa. 15Glenn Flores, "Culture and the Patient-Physician Relationship: Achieving Cultural Competency in Health Care," Journal of Pediatrics 136 (January 2000): 14-23; see also Maria R. Warda, "Mexican Americans' Perceptions of Culturally Competent Care," Western Journal of Nursing Research 22/2 (2000): 203-224. Mexican Americans with hypertension are less likely to be treated than non-Latino whites (35 versus 49 percent). These barriers include language, lack of insurance, different cultural beliefs, and in some cases, illegal immigration status, mistrust, and illiteracy. Additionally, within this family-centric decision making structure, there may be particular gender-based roles. The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino - Hispanic Network Magazine Innovative Diabetes Interventions in the U.S. Hispanic Population National Prevention Week is a SAMHSA-supported annual health observance dedicated to increasing public awareness of, and action around, substance use and mental health issues. Personalismo, a personal connection, can be achieved by asking about the patient and his or her family. Patient activation will help motivate the patient to become involved in his or her own care. This resulted in a rich compilation of remedies that Hispanics use in home treatments, with the emergence of a pattern comparable to the nursing process. Cold water with lemon for high blood pressure. Because many health beliefs and behaviors are culturally-based, it follows that when two different cultures come together in a health care setting, a collision of expectations often occurs. 2U.S. It is important to explore the use of alternative therapies and belief in traditional folk illnesses, recognizing that health beliefs are dependent on education, socioeconomic status, and degree of acculturation. Compared to White people, Hispanic/Latino people are less likely to receive treatment for depression, anxiety, and other behavioral problems. For example . These instructions can be studied by the patient or translated when time permits. Although this review summarizes findings for U.S. Hispanics, it is important to note that the panethnic term "Hispanics" describes a large, heterogeneous group originating from multiple Spanish-speaking nations and that evidences substantial variability in socio-cultural characteristics, beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes toward health and health A total of 31.2% received care from health care professionals assigned to ETC participation, and 33.6% had Medicare fee-for-service . 50 percent of those with no usual health care provider are at least high school graduates. 108 17-00084 at Western Philippines University . For Authors For Reviewers For Editors For Librarians For Publishers For Societies For Conference Organizers. 3 percent report that they have trouble navigating the U.S. health care system. Similarly, in a national epidemiological survey of Latino households in the U.S., of those who reported awareness of a problem with at least one symptoms (overweight, binge eating, or weight control), only one fifth to one third of Latinos in this sample reported ever receiving treatment for an eating disorder (Alegria et al., 2007). Although patients of all cultural backgrounds warrant kindness, a personal connection, and respect, the consequences of omitting these traditional values may be more problematic with Latinos. Davis Company, 1998): 397-421. Latino culture has several normative values that must be recognized in clinical settings. For instance, a doctor could perceive as evasive a patient who declines to make direct eye contact, when in fact,that patient may be demonstrating respect for the doctor's position and authority. "The Egg" in the Twenty-First Century: A Family's Holistic Healing and Recent immigrants may face additional obstacles to care, including illegal immigration status (fears of deportation), illiteracy, and a radically different set of health beliefs. Underwriting for these materials was provided by a generous anonymous donor. Because of less access to health care, Latinos with diabetes are often diagnosed later and have a greater risk of complications.15,16 Despite these unfavorable health and socioeconomic statistics, overall mortality is lower than would be expectedan anomaly termed the Hispanic paradox.17 Latinos live an average of 2.5 years longer than non-Latino whites (to 80 years, seven months of age) and 7.7 years longer than non-Latino blacks.1 It is not known what protective factors exist, but immigrant hardiness, social integration, and diet may have a role.1 Raising awareness about the consequences of obesity is necessary in Latino communities, especially because being somewhat overweight (gordito) can be considered healthy. Methods Hispanic . Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and Management Considerations in The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 granted amnesty to immigrants who came to the U.S. before 1982; but the northward trend from Mexico and other parts of Latin America has continued since then, and many who have crossed the U.S.-Mexican border now live in the United States illegally. Text: 435748 How traditional medicine can play a key role in Latino health care Puerto Ricans have a 14 percent higher rate of hypertension-related mortality than other Latino groups. Manybut not allfolk and herbal treatments can be safely accommodated with conventional therapy. Addiction can affect a person's impulse control, ability to stop using a substance, using despite risks, and physical and mental changes. However, as gold rush fever swept the country, Chinese immigrants, too, were attracted to the notion of quick fortunes. . Genetics, environment, and life experiences can all have an impact on . Find treatment facilities confidentially and anonymously, 24/7, National Helpline1-800-662-HELP (4357) Hispanic Culture - Sydney Ales Grand Canyon University 352: PSY Floren Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities and Medicare | KFF In terms of health, on some measures Latinos are better off than other ethnic groups. When in doubt, the best policy is to ask the patient how he or she would like to be addressed.26. The commentaries provide perspective and insight on what went right, what went wrong, and how things might have gone differently in these culturally challenging situations. Again, it is imperative to stress that these values represent broad generalizations that may or may not apply to any individual patient or in any given situation. These terms are derived from the Spanish verb curar, which means to heal.